{"id":3494,"date":"2020-09-05T06:49:42","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T06:49:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/?p=3494"},"modified":"2020-09-06T16:28:27","modified_gmt":"2020-09-06T16:28:27","slug":"an-insight-into","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/?p=3494","title":{"rendered":"An Insight into Judgment Writing"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u201c\u2026it is not enough to attain to a degree of precision which a person reading in good faith can understand; but it is necessary to attain if possible, to a degree of precision which a person reading in bad faith cannot misunderstand. It is all the better if he cannot pretend to misunderstand it.\u201d<\/span><\/em>
<\/h3>\n

– SIR JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The subject of judgment-writing is an exercise fraught with complexities, yet an inexplicable part of any legal system. It not only derives its basis from established jurisprudential values, but also furthers the development thereof. <\/span><\/p>\n

The prior two editions being well received experiments to delineate in simple and effective manner, the core principles of the subject, we are now richer by their experience to realise the endeavour to provide one-stop solution for all major examinations evaluating candidates for judgment writing. <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  •       <\/span><\/span>The readers will find inclusion of UP Judicial Services previous year question (2000 onwards) in this edition to be a welcome addition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Together with solved previous-year questions and questions framed with experience gathered as officers of Delhi Judicial Service, an attempt has been made to familiarise the reader with a gamut of approaches to judgment and order writing.<\/span><\/p>\n

    We hope that students and professionals alike will find it to be an enriching and encouraging experience. Best Wishes.<\/span><\/p>\n

    ROBINJEET SINGH<\/p>\n

    ARJINDER KAUR<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    CONTENT<\/h5><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter I<\/p>

    INTRODUCTION<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Guidelines by Supreme Court on how to write a judgment<\/p><\/td>

    1<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A general approach to answer writing in mains of any state<\/p><\/td>

    2<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Analytical Answers<\/p><\/td>

    2<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theoretical Answers<\/p><\/td>

    3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For Short Notes<\/p><\/td>

    3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For Elaborate Theoretical Answers<\/p><\/td>

    3<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter II<\/p>

    FORMAT OF JUDGMENT WRITING<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Steps involved in Judgment Writing<\/p><\/td>

    5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 i.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Title of Judgment<\/p><\/td>

    5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit Details\/Case Details<\/p><\/td>

    5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 iii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Description of Parties<\/p><\/td>

    5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 iv.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Counsel<\/p><\/td>

    5<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 v.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Heading and Date of Judgment<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Introduction of the Case<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Admitted facts\/undisputed facts<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0 viii.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plaintiff\/Prosecution Story<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ix.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Defence Story<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 x.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Issues\/Points of Determination<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 xi.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Analysis and Determination<\/p><\/td>

    6<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pecuniary Jurisdiction of Civil Courts in various States<\/p><\/td>

    7<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Formats of Judgment in different States<\/p><\/td>

    8<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chhattisgarh\/Madhya Pradesh<\/p><\/td>

    8<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Civil Cases<\/p><\/td>

    8<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    10<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rajasthan<\/p><\/td>

    13<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Civil Cases<\/p><\/td>

    13<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    15<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Delhi<\/p><\/td>

    17<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Civil Cases<\/p><\/td>

    17<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    19<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Himachal Pradesh<\/p><\/td>

    21<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Civil Cases<\/p><\/td>

    21<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    23<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uttar Pradesh<\/p><\/td>

    25<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    a.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Civil Cases<\/p><\/td>

    25<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    b.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format for Judgment in Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    27<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter III<\/p>

    MARSHALLING AND APPRECIATION OF EVIDENCE<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marshalling of Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    29<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    30<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Meaning and Purpose of Appreciation of Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    30<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manner of Appreciation of Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    31<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.1. Appreciation of Oral Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    31<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.2.2. Appreciation of Documentary Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    31<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some other examples of appreciation of evidence<\/p><\/td>

    33<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of evidence of different kind of witnesses<\/p><\/td>

    35<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Child Witness<\/p><\/td>

    35<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Interested Witness<\/p><\/td>

    35<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Injured Witness<\/p><\/td>

    36<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chance Witness<\/p><\/td>

    37<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hostile Witness<\/p><\/td>

    37<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Important sections to be used for appreciation of evidence of the most common witness<\/p><\/td>

    38<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Criminal Cases<\/p><\/td>

    38<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Victim\/Complainant<\/p><\/td>

    38<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Investigating Officer (Public Servant)<\/p><\/td>

    38<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Expert Witness<\/p><\/td>

    39<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Any other eye witness<\/p><\/td>

    39<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.1.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Seizure Witnesses<\/p><\/td>

    39<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Civil Case<\/p><\/td>

    39<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.2.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plaintiff and Defendant<\/p><\/td>

    39<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.2.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Attesting Witnesses<\/p><\/td>

    40<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.2.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Expert Witness<\/p><\/td>

    40<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Important sections for Appreciation of Different Kinds of Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    40<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of Oral Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    40<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of Documentary Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    41<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of Electronic Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    41<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Appreciation of Circumstantial Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    42<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter IV<\/p>

    FRAMING OF ISSUES AND CHARGE<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Framing of the issues<\/p><\/td>

    45<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Steps to Determine the issues involved<\/p><\/td>

    45<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Model issues for certain specific cases<\/p><\/td>

    46<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for Specific Performance of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    46<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for Compensation in the Case of Breach of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    47<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for Declaration<\/p><\/td>

    47<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for Perpetual Injunction<\/p><\/td>

    48<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for perpetual injunction to prevent the defendant from committing breach of contract and for the specific performance of contract<\/p><\/td>

    48<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for possession of Immoveable property on the basis of possessory title and for mesne profit<\/p><\/td>

    48<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Suit for redemption of the mortgaged property (mortgage by conditional sale v. an outright sale)<\/p><\/td>

    49<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Petition for Divorce on the Ground of Cruelty<\/p><\/td>

    49<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Preliminary Issues<\/p><\/td>

    50<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Examples of Preliminary Issues<\/p><\/td>

    50<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relating to Jurisdiction of Court<\/p><\/td>

    50<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relating to Limitation<\/p><\/td>

    51<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relating to Res Judicata<\/p><\/td>

    51<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relating to Court Fees<\/p><\/td>

    51<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relating to Order II, Rule 2 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/p><\/td>

    52<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Framing of Charge<\/p><\/td>

    53<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Steps Involved in Framing Charge<\/p><\/td>

    54<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Points to be kept in Mind while Framing the Charge<\/p><\/td>

    55<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Format of Charge<\/p><\/td>

    56<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Charges with one-head<\/p><\/td>

    56<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Charges with two or more heads<\/p><\/td>

    56<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Model Charge<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Regarding sections providing for joint and constructive liability<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge with Section 34 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 With regard to specific offences relating to body<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 324 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 325 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    57<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 335 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 354 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 With regard to specific offences relating to property<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 392 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 409 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 380 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    58<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 427 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 451 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 457 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Charge under some other sections<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 120B of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 506 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Charge under Section 201\/511 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    59<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Charge under Section 218 of IPC<\/p><\/td>

    60<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter V<\/p>

    IMPORTANT CONCEPTS FOR JUDGMENT WRITING<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mens Rea and Actus Reus<\/p><\/td>

    61<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Burden of Proof<\/p><\/td>

    62<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Test Identification Parade (TIP)<\/p><\/td>

    64<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Discovery Statement<\/p><\/td>

    65<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    E.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Delay in Lodging of the FIR<\/p><\/td>

    66<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    F.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hearing of Accused on Sentence<\/p><\/td>

    66<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    G.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Distinction between Mortgage by Conditional Sale (MCS) and Sale with Condition to Repurchase (SCR)<\/p><\/td>

    67<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    H.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mesne Profit<\/p><\/td>

    68<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Damages in Case of Breach of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    68<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    I.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Damages in Case of Voidable Contracts<\/p><\/td>

    69<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    I.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Anticipatory Breach of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    70<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    I.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Time as Essence of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    70<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    I.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Restoration of Benefits after Rescission<\/p><\/td>

    71<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    J.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cancellation of the Instrument: Section 31 of Specific Relief Act, 1963<\/p><\/td>

    71<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    K.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frustration of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    72<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    K.1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Physical Impossibility<\/p><\/td>

    72<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    K.2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Legal Impossibility<\/p><\/td>

    73<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    K.3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Practical Impossibility<\/p><\/td>

    73<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    K.4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Exceptions to Impossibility<\/p><\/td>

    73<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    L.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Notice: Section 3 Paragraph VII of TPA<\/p><\/td>

    73<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    M.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Novation of Contract<\/p><\/td>

    74<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    N.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Admission<\/p><\/td>

    75<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    O.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some Important Case Laws<\/p><\/td>

    75<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Equitable Mortgage<\/p><\/td>

    75<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unregistered Sale Deed<\/p><\/td>

    76<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Partition Deed<\/p><\/td>

    76<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Declaration\/Injunction<\/p><\/td>

    77<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Section 92 of IEA<\/p><\/td>

    77<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lease<\/p><\/td>

    78<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Acknowledgement (Section 18 of ILA, 1963)<\/p><\/td>

    78<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Relevance of Revenue Records<\/p><\/td>

    79<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order II, Rule 2 of Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/p><\/td>

    79<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Res Judicata<\/p><\/td>

    80<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    11.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Settled Possession<\/p><\/td>

    80<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Framing of Issues<\/p><\/td>

    81<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    13.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eviction of Licensee Suit for Possession or Mandatory Injunction?<\/p><\/td>

    82<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    14.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Judicial Notice<\/p><\/td>

    82<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    15.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Possession of Caretaker, Watchman or Servant<\/p><\/td>

    83<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ex-parte Proceeding and Burden of Proof on Plaintiff<\/p><\/td>

    84<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    17.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Handwriting Expert\u2019s Evidence<\/p><\/td>

    85<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    18.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Readiness and Willingness to Perform the Contract [Section 16(c) of SRA] 85<\/p><\/td>

    85<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    19.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Section 34 of Specific Relief Act and Consequential Relief<\/p><\/td>

    86<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    20.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order XXXII of CPC (Next Friend and Guardian ad litem)<\/p><\/td>

    86<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    21.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ancestral Property and Partition<\/p><\/td>

    87<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    22.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conditional Sale or a Sale with an Option to Replace<\/p><\/td>

    87<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter VI<\/p>

    IMPORTANT SECTIONS FOR JUDGMENT WRITING<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/p><\/td>

    89<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 II.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Penal Code, 1860<\/p><\/td>

    90<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 III.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Indian Evidence Act, 1872<\/p><\/td>

    96<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 IV.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Code of Civil Procedure, 1908<\/p><\/td>

    98<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Limitation Act, 1963<\/p><\/td>

    100<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VI.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Indian Contract Act, 1872<\/p><\/td>

    101<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VII.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Specific Relief Act, 1963<\/p><\/td>

    103<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 VIII.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/p><\/td>

    104<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter VI<\/p>

    SOLVED PREVIOS YEAR QUESTIONS- CIVIL<\/p>

    PART-A<\/p>

    CHHATTISGARH<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2008 (specific performance of contract)<\/p><\/td>

    107<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2011 (declaration and possession)<\/p><\/td>

    115<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2012-13 (specific performance of contract or alternatively recovery of advance money with interest)<\/p><\/td>

    122<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2014 (eviction u\/s. 111 (h) TPA and damages<\/p><\/td>

    130<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2015 (money recovery on the basis of promissory note)<\/p><\/td>

    136<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2016 (specific performance of contract)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/td>

    141<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2017 (petition for divorce on the basis of adultery and cruelty<\/p><\/td>

    146<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    PART-B<\/p>

    MADHYA PRADESH<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 1996 (specific performance of agreement to sell)<\/p><\/td>

    151<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2001 (redemption of mortgage)<\/p><\/td>

    157<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2009 (money recovery on the basis of promissory note)<\/p><\/td>

    163<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    11.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2012 (recovery of possession of land and cancellation of sale deed)<\/p><\/td>

    171<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2014(money recovery on the basis of promissory note)<\/p><\/td>

    179<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    13.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2015 (money recovery on the basis of promissory note)<\/p><\/td>

    186<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    14.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2016 (declaration of ownership and permanent injunction)<\/p><\/td>

    193<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    15.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2018 (specific performance of agreement to sell)<\/p><\/td>

    199<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2019 (suit for possession)<\/p><\/td>

    210<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter VIII<\/p>

    SOLVED QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE \u2013 CIVIL<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 1 (eviction, arrears of rent and mesne profit)<\/p><\/td>

    217<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 2 (declaration of ownership)<\/p><\/td>

    225<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 3 (specific performance of agreement to sell)<\/p><\/td>

    231<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 4 (cancellation of agreement to sale, possession and mesne profit)<\/p><\/td>

    237<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 5 (recovery of possession and mesne profit)<\/p><\/td>

    243<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 6 (declaration of title and possession)<\/p><\/td>

    250<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 7 (recovery of possession and permanent injunction)<\/p><\/td>

    257<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 8 (redemption of mortgage)<\/p><\/td>

    262<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 9 (eviction of tenant and possession)<\/p><\/td>

    268<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 10 (declaration of ownership)<\/p><\/td>

    273<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter IX<\/p>

    UNSOLVED QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE \u2013 CIVIL<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 1<\/p><\/td>

    279<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 2<\/p><\/td>

    280<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 3<\/p><\/td>

    281<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 4<\/p><\/td>

    282<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 5<\/p><\/td>

    283<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 6<\/p><\/td>

    285<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 7<\/p><\/td>

    285<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 8<\/p><\/td>

    287<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 9<\/p><\/td>

    288<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 10<\/p><\/td>

    289<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter X<\/p>

    SOLVED PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS \u2013 CRIMINAL<\/p>

    PART-A<\/p>

    CHHATTISGARH<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2003 (section 457 and 380 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    291<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2004 (section 489-C of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    300<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2008 (section 452 and 324 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    307<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2011 (sections 468, 471, 419 and 420 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    315<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2012-13 (section 457 and 380 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    325<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2014 (section 392 of the IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    337<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2015 (sections 467, 468, 471 and 420 read with 511 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    345<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2016 (section 451 and 380 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    352<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CG 2017 (section 506 and 326 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    358<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    PART-B<\/p>

    MADHYA PRADESH<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 1996 (section 341 and 325 read with section 34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    365<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    11.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 1998 (section 457 and 380 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    373<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2006 (section 392 of the IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    381<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    13.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2007 (section 335 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    389<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    14.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2011 (section 324 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    396<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    15.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2012 (section 451 and 354 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    403<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2013 (sections 452, 323, 325 and 506 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    411<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    17.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2014 (section 379 read with section 34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    420<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    18.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2015 (section 451 and 380 of the IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    427<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    19.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2016 (section 452 and 324 of the IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    436<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    20.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2017 (sections 294, 325 and 506 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    444<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    21.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2018 (sections 294, 324 and 506 Part II of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    453<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    22.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MP 2019 (sections 294, 510, 451 and 325 read with 34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    460<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    PART-C<\/p>

    UTTAR PRADESH<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    23.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2000 (section 380 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    468<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    24.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2003 (section 376 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    472<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    25.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2006 (section 498A\/34 & 304B\/34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    475<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    26.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2012 (section 465 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    480<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    27.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2013 (section 363, 366 & 376 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    484<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    28.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2015 (section 120B, 392, 397 of IPC & section 25 of Arms Act)<\/p><\/td>

    490<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    29.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 UP 2018 (section 376D & 302\/34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    495<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter XI<\/p>

    Solved Questions for Practice \u2013 Criminal<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 1 (sections 279, 354 and 427 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    501<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 2 (section 341 read with section 34 and section 394 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    510<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 3 (sections 277, 394, 427 and 201 read with section 34 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    519<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 4 (Based on MP 2001) (section 498A and 304B of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    529<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 5 (section 498A and 325 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    535<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 6 (section 304A and 338 of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    542<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Q. 7 (section 354D read with 34 and section 120B, 458 and 326 read with \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0section 120B of IPC)<\/p><\/td>

    549<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter XII<\/p>

    UNSOLVED QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE \u2013 CRIMINAL<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 1<\/p><\/td>

    559<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 2<\/p><\/td>

    560<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 3<\/p><\/td>

    561<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 4<\/p><\/td>

    562<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 5<\/p><\/td>

    563<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 6<\/p><\/td>

    563<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 7<\/p><\/td>

    564<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 8<\/p><\/td>

    565<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No. 9<\/p><\/td>

    566<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Question No.10<\/p><\/td>

    567<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    Chapter XIII<\/p>

    ORDER WRITING<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order VII, Rule 11, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    569<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    572<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XXII Rule 3, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    575<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order VI Rule 17, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    578<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XXXIX Rule 1 and 2, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    581<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XVA, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    584<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XII Rule 6, CPC<\/p><\/td>

    587<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Order on application under Order XXI Rule 29 CPC<\/p><\/td>

    590<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201c\u2026it is not enough to attain to a degree of precision which a person reading in good faith can understand; but it is necessary to attain if possible, to a degree of precision which a person reading in bad faith cannot misunderstand. It is all the better if he cannot pretend to misunderstand it.\u201d – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3494"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3522,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3494\/revisions\/3522"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amaltaaspublications.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}